Sunday, September 6, 2020

雙狹縫實驗 Double-slit experiment

 


Ref: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/雙縫實驗 / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment


在量子力學裏,雙縫實驗(double-slit experiment,或稱雙狹縫實驗)是一種演示光子或電子等等微觀物體的波動性與粒子性的實驗。在這種更廣義的實驗裏,微觀物體可以同時通過兩條路徑或通過其中任意一條路徑,從初始點抵達最終點。這兩條路徑的程差促使描述微觀物體物理行為的量子態發生相移,因此產生干涉現象。

雙縫實驗的基本儀器設置很簡單,如圖所示。光的波動性使得通過兩條狹縫的光束相互干涉,形成了顯示於探測屏的明亮條紋和暗淡條紋相間的圖樣。


"Which-way" experiments and the principle of complementarity

A well-known thought experiment predicts that if particle detectors are positioned at the slits, showing through which slit a photon goes, the interference pattern will disappear. This which-way experiment illustrates the complementarity principle that photons can behave as either particles or waves, but cannot be observed as both at the same time.


Delayed choice and quantum eraser variations

Wheeler's delayed choice experiments demonstrate that extracting "which path" information after a particle passes through the slits can seem to retroactively alter its previous behavior at the slits.


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「以一切法,本來唯心,實無於念。而有妄心,不覺起念,見諸境界,故說無明」  --  <大乘起信論>


【以一切法,本來唯心,實無於念】所有的量子 (photon, electron, etc),在沒有任何有情 (人、天、鬼、畜等等) 的心念參與之時 (the observer or detector),即無於念之時,是以 wave (波) 的方式存在,所以於一切時 (delayed choice)、一切處 (which-way),無在不在。


【而有妄心,不覺起念,見諸境界】心念一起,所有的不確定性、機率性,都被執著成 (collapse into) 固定的關係、相狀,於是無在不在的量子即成為 particle (粒子),形成種種電子、質子等之結合,而成為形形色色的物質世界。這就是因於妄心,而見諸境界。


量子的collapse,即是心之執著:法執。

量子的observer,即是妄心起念。